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XuetangX

Pathophysiology

Central South University via XuetangX

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Overview






Pathophysiology studies the rules and mechanisms of disease occurrence and development, and provides a theoretical basis for disease prevention and treatment. Pathophysiology is an important basic medical course which also has significant clinical attributes. It is a "bridge course" linking basic medical sciences and clinical medical sciences. After studying the knowledge of the structure, function and metabolism in normal human bodies, by learning pathophysiology, medical students can understand the functional and metabolic alterations in sick bodies, so as to lay a foundation for further study of clinical knowledge of various subjects. In this course we selected the most classic pathophysiology knowledge required by medical students, covering three major parts of content--overview of  pathophysiology, basic pathological processes, and systemic pathophysiology, a total of 14 chapters and 87 micro-lesson videos.


The course is designed based on the following principles:

1. To strengthen the combination with clinical knowledge. All micro-lesson videos in this course are guided by cases, which are echoed in the lecturing and unit testing. Some important principles of prevention and treatment are introduced in close combination with the pathogenesis.

2. To adhere to the "student-centered" teaching idea. Based on cases and questions, this course promotes step by step to inspire students to think. In addition, following each micro-lesson video, review questions are carefully designed to guide students’ autonomous learning. 

3. To persist the purpose of “enhance morality, foster talents”. Elements of medical moral education are carefully designed where is appropriate in each lecture, and professional pathophysiology teaching is organically combined with medical moral education.


Our teaching team has accumulated rich experience in the long-term practice of educational reform and curriculun construction, and formed distinct features. The team was awarded the National Excellent Course in 2005 and the National Excellent Resource-Sharing Course in 2016. We edited the national planning textbook Pathophysiology, and won the first prize of provincial teaching achievement twice. 


The course is mainly designed for undergraduate students in medical related majors. It also meets the needs for teachers, graduate students and clinical practitioners to improve their knowledge of pathophysiology.


Through studying the course, medical students will learn to correctly apply the knowledge and methods of pathophysiology to analyze the causes, mechanisms, functional and metabolic alterations, and understand the principles of prevention and treatment of diseases, and lay a foundation for their future study in clinical courses. 




Syllabus

  • 01 Introduction of Pathophysiology
    • 1.1 Introduction of Pathophysiology
  • 02 Introduction to Disease
    • 2.1 Health, subhealth and disease
    • 2.2 General rules of disease occurence and development
    • 2.3 Basic mechanism of disease occurence and development
    • 2.4 Brain death
    • 2.5 Disease models
  • 03 Fluid and Electrolytes Imbalance
    • 3.1 Fluid and electrolytes introduction
    • 3.2 Hypertonic dehydration
    • 3.3 Hypotonicc dehydration
    • 3.4 Edema and Abnormal Fluid Distribution between the Vascular and Interstitial Compartments
    • 3.5 Edema and retention of sodium and watar
    • 3.6 Hyperkalemia
    • 3.7 Hypokalemia
  • 04 Acid-base balance and acid-base disturbance
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Regulation of acid-base balance
    • 4.3 Parameters of acid-base balance
    • 4.4 Basic ideas to analyze clinical cases with acid-base disturbance
    • 4.5 Metabolic acidosis (1)
    • 4.6 Metabolic acidosis (2)
    • 4.7 Respiratory acidosis
    • 4.8 Metabolic alkalosis
    • 4.9 Respiratory Alkalosis
    • 4.10 Mixed acid-base disturbance
  • 05 Hypoxia
    • 5.1 Introduction to Hypoxia
    • 5.2 Hypoxic hypoxia
    • 5.3 Hemic hypoxia
    • 5.4 Circulatory hypoxia
    • 5.5 Histogenous hypoxia
  • 06 Fever
    • 6.1 Fever-introduction
    • 6.2 Pyrogenic activator
    • 6.3 Endogenous pyrogen
    • 6.4 Febrile ceiling
    • 6.5 Periods of fever
    • 6.6 Fever: Friend or Foe
  • 07 Stress
    • 7.1 Introduction of Stress
    • 7.2 Neuroendocrine response
    • 7.3 Acute phase response
    • 7.4 Heat Shock Response
    • 7.5 Stress Ulcer
    • 7.6 PTSD
  • 08 Ischemia-reperfusion injury
    • 8.1 Introduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury
    • 8.2 the role of reactive oxygen species
    • 8.3 calcium overload
    • 8.4 the role of leukocytes
    • 8.5 ischemic preconditioning and ischemic post-conditioning
  • 09 DIC
    • 9.1 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
    • 9.2 Pathogenesis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
    • 9.3 Alteration of Function and Metabolism during DIC
    • 9.4 Principles of Diagnosis of DIC
  • 10 Shock
    • 10.1 Introduction of shock
    • 10.2 Pathophysiology at the ischemic stage of microcirculation
    • 10.3 Pathophysiology at the congestive stage of microcirculation
    • 10.4 Pathophysiology at the failure stage of microcirculation(1)
    • 10.5 Hemorrhagic shock
    • 10.6 Infective shock
    • 10.7 Anaphylactic shock
    • 10.8 Cardiogenic shock
  • 11 Heart failure
    • 11.1 introduction of heart failure
    • 11.2 compsensatory response
    • 11.3 Ventricular remodeling
    • 11.4 pathogenesis of heart failure
    • 11.5 pathogensis of heart failure (II)
    • 11.6 low cardiac output syndrome
    • 11.7 venous congestion syndrome
  • 12 Respiratory failure
    • 12.1 Respiratory insufficiency-introduction
    • 12.2 Restrictive hypoventilation
    • 12.3 Obstructive hypoventilation
    • 12.4 Diffusion impairment
    • 12.5 Ventilation-perfusion imbalance
    • 12.6 Pulmonary heart disease
    • 12.7 Pulmonary encephalopathy
    • 12.8 ARDS
  • 13 Hepatic insufficiency
    • 13.1 Hepatic Insufficiency--Introduction
    • 13.2 Changes of Function and Metabolism in Hepatic Insufficiency
    • 13.3 Hepatic Fibrosis
    • 13.4 Hepatic Encephalopathy
    • 13.5 Ammonia intoxication hypothesis
    • 13.6 Gamma aminobutyric acid hypothesis
    • 13.7 False neurotransmitter hypothesis and the amino acid imbalance hypothesis
    • 13.8 Hepatorenal syndrome
  • 14 Renal insufficiency
    • 14.1 Introduction of renal insufficiency
    • 14.2 Etiology and classification of acute renal failure
    • 14.3 The pathogenesis of acute renal failure
    • 14.4 Functional and metabolic changes in acute kidney failure
    • 14.5 Chronic renal failure
    • 14.6 Renal osteodystrophy
    • 14.7 Uremia
  • The final exam

    Taught by

    Xiao Xianzhong, Huali Zhang, JIANG Bimei, Ying Liu, and Kangkai Wang

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