This course teaches the basic theoretical knowledge and related techniques of microbiology from various aspects, including microbial morphology, nutrition, growth control, metabolism, genetics and ecology. Through the course, students will be able to accurately describe the main characteristics of various groups of microorganisms and identify common microbial taxa; recognize the main features of microorganisms in physiological metabolism to control harmful microorganisms and utilize beneficial microorganisms; master the main features of microorganisms in genetic evolutionary mechanisms, understand the important status and role of microorganisms in the ecological environment, and lay the foundation for the study of related disciplines.