Explore the fascinating world of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in this comprehensive lecture by Rajeev Bhalerao. Delve into the properties of this extreme state of matter, which existed in the early universe and is now recreated in major collider experiments. Learn about the various stages of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, from initial geometry fluctuations to hydrodynamic evolution. Discover the importance of anisotropic flow, the concept of hydrodynamic attractors, and the parallels between the Big Bang and the "Little Bang" in heavy-ion collisions. Gain insights into lattice QCD results, fluid dynamics principles, and recent developments in relativistic hydrodynamics. This in-depth presentation covers fundamental questions, experimental data, simulation techniques, and open challenges in understanding QGP, providing a thorough overview of this cutting-edge field in theoretical physics.
Phenomenology of the Quark Gluon Plasma by Rajeev Bhalerao
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences via YouTube
Overview
Syllabus
Quark-Gluon Plasma is the smallest, hottest, densest,
Meaning of "the Most Perfect Fluid" ..... Fig : Roy Lacey
Recreating the "Early Universe" in the Lab
Fundamental Questions
Lattice QCD Results for EOS ... HotQCD Collab 2014
Lattice QCD Results for EOS contd.
QCD Phase Diagram schematic
The Big Idea
Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Various Stages
Wealth of Data
How to Simulate the Entire Collision History?
Stage 1: From Collision to Formation of QGP
However, the reality is not so simple. Initial geometry is not smooth. Why?
Event-to-event fluctuations in nucleon/parton positions
Stage 1: Preeqlbm or Prehydrodynamication Stage
A Typical Event at the end of Stage !
Characterization of the State at the End of Stage I
First Three Harmonics
More Precise Characterization of the Initial State
More Precise Characterization of the Initial State contd.
Spatial profiles of the energy-momentum tensor
How to Simulate the Entire Collision History? Stage II
Stage II: Hydrodynamic Evolution
Fluid Dynamics contd.
Perfect Fluid Hypothetical
Imperfect fluid Ideal fluid?
Zeroth-, First-, Second-Order Hydrodynamics
Basic idea of causal dissipative hydro
Basic idea of causal dissipative hydro contd.
What are Transport Coefficients?
Relativistic Fluid-Dynamic Equations contd.
Hydro Plays A Central Role In Understanding the Soft Sector of Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions.
Input for Stage III
Stage III
The Modern Flow Picture
The Modern Flow Picture contd.
Importance of the Anisotropic or Azimuthal Flow
Extraction of Shear Viscosity ... Gale et al PRL 2013
Ridges in pPb and PbPb collisions at LHC
Ridge in pp collisions
Ridge: One of the key experimental pieces of evidence for the strong collective behaviour comparable to a fluid.
Ridge and Shoulder - Explanation
More Precise Characterization of the Final Sate
Correlations bet. V2, V4 and V2, V3 ... Pb-Pb, 2.76 TeV, PRL 2016
Event-Plane Correlators
Some Recent Developments . .
Confronting Hydrodynamic Predictions with Xe-Xe Data
Confronting state-of-the-art hydrodynamic
Some Recent Developments in Relativistic Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamic Attractor
Various Sources of Anisotropy ... M. Strickland, 1807.0719
Standard Model of URHICs
The Big Bang and the Little Bang
Back-up Slides
The Big Bang and the Little Bang contd.
Take-Home Message / Open Questions
Bibliography-2
Further reading ...
Taught by
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences
