The purpose of this course is to give students a modern picture of knowledge about the Sun and solar activity, about the impact of energetic particles (of solar and cosmic origin) on processes in the Earth's atmosphere. Separately, paying attention to the risks associated with extreme events on the Sun and in outer space on the state of the ozone layer and surface temperature, assessing the degree of danger to the environment.
The course will introduce students to various sources and energies of particles that precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere; processes of atmosphere ionization by protons of galactic cosmic rays, solar energy particles, high-energy and relativistic electrons; consideration of the mechanisms of the impact of energetic particles on the Earth's atmosphere, including chemical changes in the upper and middle layers of the polar atmosphere, dynamic and radiation processes in the Earth's atmosphere, as well as the formation of the Earth's climate.
The acquired knowledge and skills will allow students to independently determine the level of danger during extreme solar events and geomagnetic storms, inversions and excursions of the geomagnetic field, assess these threats and assess the degree of danger to the environment and society.
本课程的目的是让学生了解有关太阳和太阳活动的现代知识，以及高能粒子（源自太阳和宇宙）
对地球大气层过程的影响。此外，还要关注太阳和外层空间极端事件对臭氧层状态和地表温度的
风险，评估对环境的危害程度。
课程将向学生介绍析出到地球大气层的粒子的各种来源和能量；银河宇宙射线质子、太阳能量粒子、
高能电子和相对论电子的大气电离过程；考虑高能粒子对地球大气层的影响机制，包括
极地大气层中上层的化学变化、地球大气层的动态和辐射过程以及地球气候的形成。
通过所学知识和技能，学生可以独立判断极端太阳事件和地磁暴、地磁场逆转和偏移时的危险程度，
评估这些威胁，并评估对环境和社会的危害程度。
