Nephrolithiasis - Pathophysiology, Types, and Clinical Management

Learn about kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) in this comprehensive medical lecture that explores the various types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, struvite, uric acid, and cystine stones. Gain deep insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms behind stone formation and understand the risk factors contributing to their development. Master the clinical presentation aspects, focusing on key symptoms like flank pain and hematuria, while exploring the diagnostic approach through imaging and laboratory testing. Discover effective management strategies encompassing medical therapies, dietary modifications, and interventional procedures such as lithotripsy and ureteroscopy. The lecture also covers important complications like pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury, providing a thorough understanding of this common urological condition.