Acute Tubular Necrosis and Acute Kidney Injury - Nephrology

Explore the intricacies of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN), Azotemia, and Acute Renal Failure (ARF) in this comprehensive nephrology video. Delve into the pathophysiology of intrarenal, prerenal, and postrenal azotemia, and understand the differences between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease. Learn about key concepts such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hypoxia effects on proximal convoluted tubules, and the loop of Henle. Examine the clinical manifestations of uremia, uremic acidosis, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). Discover important diagnostic markers like Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and their ratios. Investigate the causes of ischemic and nephrotoxic ATN, including sepsis, radiocontrast dye exposure, and certain medications. Master the interpretation of urine volume, osmolality, and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) in differentiating various forms of kidney injury. Gain valuable insights for MBBS, USMLE, NCLEX, COMLEX, NPLEX, and PCAT exams in this concise yet comprehensive lecture on acute kidney pathology.