Thermodynamics: Fundamentals

Beijing Jiaotong University via XuetangX

Overview

This course is an English version of the China national first-class undergraduate course "Engineering Thermodynamics".

Been an essential part of engineering curricula all over the world, Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications, is a basic engineering theoretical science which studies the thermodynamic properties of matter and the conversion between thermal energy and other energies. It has a broad application area ranging from microscopic organisms to common household appliances, transportation vehicles, power generation systems, and even philosophy. The curriculum tasks are to help students master the basic theory and knowledge of energy conversion, have the ability to analyze and calculate the thermal equipment, and put forward the ways to improve the conversion efficiency. Through the study of the course knowledge systematically, especially by the implementation of research-based teaching mode, the reinforcement of engineering practical problem analysis and the training projects, students can improve the ability to actively acquire knowledge, the analyzing and judging abilities of combining theory with practice and engineering problems of their major, the comprehensive quality of scientific research and technological innovation, and a solid foundation can be provided for students to study the follow-up courses. The study of this course can provide students with necessary theoretical knowledge and technical ability for the scientific research, design, experiment and management of thermal energy and power engineering. Students are assumed to have an adequate background in calculus and physics.

Syllabus

Project 1 Basic concepts

1-1 System
1-2 State and equilibrium of a system
1-3 Properties of a system
1-4 Temperature
1-5 Pressure
1-6 Processes & Cycles

Project 2 The first law of thermodynamics

2-1 Essence of the first law of thermodynamics
2-2 Internal energy and total energy
2-3 The first law of thermodynamics
2-4 Energy equation of control volume
2-5 Energy equation of steady-flow
2-6 Relations of energy equations and heat to work
2-7 Engineering applications of energy equations
2-8 Calculations of work and heat

Project 3 The second law of thermodynamics

3-1 Tasks of the second law of thermodynamics
3-2 Reversible and irreversible processes
3-3 Entropy flow and entropy production
3-4 Entropy equation
3-5 The entropy equation simplification and the increase of entropy principle
3-6 Statements of the second law
3-7 Equivalence of various statements
3-8 Carnot principles
3-9 The Carnot cycle
3-10 Clausius integral
3-11 Exergy: Work potential of energy
3-12 Exergy of thermal energy and its irreversible loss
3-13 Flowing fluid: Exergy and its destruction
3-14 Working fluid: Exergy and its destruction
3-15 Discussions on exergy destruction
3-16 Exergy balance: Closed system
3-17 The second-law efficiency
3-18 The thermodynamics temperature scale

Project 4 Properties of gases

4-1 Real gas and ideal gas
4-2 The ideal gas equation of state
4-3 Specific heat
4-4 Specific heat, internal energy and enthalpy of ideal gas
4-5 Calculations of du and dh for ideal gases
4-6 Entropy change of ideal gas
4-7 Changes of u and h for Solids and Liquids
4-8 Deviation of real gas from ideal gas
4-9 Van der Waals equation of state
4-10 Other equations of state for real gases

Project 5 Thermodynamic property relations and generalized charts

5-1 Characteristic function
5-2 Mathematical characteristics of continuous functions
5-3 Thermal coefficients
5-4 Maxwell relations
5-5 General relations for ds
5-6 General relations for du and dh
5-7 General relations of specific heats
5-8 Specific heat ratio
5-9 Phase diagram of pure substance
5-10 Gibbs phase rule, Clapeyron equation and saturated vapor pressure equation
5-11 The principle of corresponding states
5-12 The generalized compressibility chart
5-13 Generalized enthalpy departure chart
5-14 Generalized entropy departure chart

Project 6 Properties of water vapor

6-1 Saturated water vapor
6-2 Generation of water vapor (constant-pressure)
6-3 Charts and tables of properties of water vapor
6-4 Basic thermal processes of water vapor

Project 7 Ideal gas mixture and humid air

7-1 Composition of a gas mixture
7-2 p-V-T behavior of gas mixture
7-3 Properties of gas mixture
7-4 Dry and atmospheric air
7-5 Humidity of atmospheric air
7-6 Dew-point temperature
7-7 Adiabatic saturation and wet-bulb temperature
7-8 Enthalpy of moist air and h-d chart
7-9 Specific relative humidity and general psychrometric chart
7-10 Wet air processes and applications

Project 8 Thermodynamic processes for an ideal gas

8-1 Isochoric process
8-2 Isobaric and isothermal processes
8-3 Isentropic process
8-4 Polytropic process
8-5 No-work processes
8-6 Adiabatic process
8-7 Constant volume mixing process
8-8 Flow mixing process
8-9 Inflating process
8-10 Deflating process

Project 9 Gas flow process

9-1 One-dimensional isentropic steady flow
9-2 Speed of sound and Mach number
9-3 Variation of fluid velocity with flow area
9-4 Fluid velocity and flow rate
9-5 The effects of back pressure
9-6 Adiabatic flow with friction
9-7 Flow rate, work loss and exergy destruction
9-8 Compression process in a compressor
9-9 Minimizing the compression work
9-10 Adiabatic throttling process

Project 10 Gas power cycles

10-1 Basic considerations for thermodynamic cycles
10-2 Idealizations of high-speed compression-ignition engine
10-3 Optimization of Dual cycle
10-4 Otto cycle and its optimization
10-5 Diesel cycle and its optimization
10-6 Atkinson cycle and its optimization
10-7 Miller cycle and the optimizations
10-8 Brayton cycle and the optimization
10-9 The regenerative Brayton cycle
10-10 Brayton cycle with Intercooling, reheating, and regeneration
10-11 The generalized T-s diagram gas power cycles
10-12 Optimization of the regenerative Brayton cycle
10-13 Jet-propulsion cycles

Project 11 Steam power cycles

11-1 The Carnot vapor cycle
11-2 The Rankine cycle
11-3 Energy analysis and the deviation
11-4 Methods to increase the efficiency
11-5 The ideal reheat Rankine cycle
11-6 The ideal regenerative Rankine cycle
11-7 Cogeneration power cycle
11-8 A 2nd-law analysis of vapor power cycle
11-9 Combined gas-vapor power cycles

Project 12 Refrigeration and heat pump cycles

12-1 Reverse Carnot cycle
12-2 Air-compression refrigeration
12-3 Regenerative air-compression refrigeration
12-4 Vapor-compression refrigeration
12-5 Refrigerants and heat pump system
12-6 Absorption refrigeration systems
12-7 Innovative vapor-compression refrigeration systems

Project 13 Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics

13-1 An overview of fuels and combustion
13-2 Combustion processes
13-3 Enthalpy of formation and enthalpy of combustion
13-4 Energy equation for a chemical reaction system
13-5 Hess's Law and Kirchhoff's Law
13-6 Entropy change of reacting systems
13-7 Maximum useful work
13-8 Chemical potential
13-9 Chemical potential for ideal gas and Fugacity
13-10 Evaluating Gibbs function
13-11 Reaction direction and chemical Equilibrium
13-12 The equilibrium constant
13-13 The adiabatic flame temperature
13-14 The 3rd Law and the absolute entropy

Project 14 Thermodynamic analyses of fuel cells

14-1 Introduction to fuel cell
14-2 Energy equation for fuel cell
14-3 Output work of fuel cell
14-4 Output voltage
14-5 Types and systems of fuel cell

Final exam

Final exam

Taught by

Boshu He and Chaojun Wang

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