Physiology is the core curriculum of medical schools, revealing the basic mechanisms of life phenomena from different levels (cells, molecules, tissues and organs) and different aspects (electrical, mechanical and secretory activity). Using online micro-video, group discussions, literature review and traditional teaching, the students master the basic knowledge of physiology, understand the frontier in the field of physiology, and analyze the relevant clinical cases. Finally, the students can understand the occurrence and development of these diseases, clinical manifestations and principles of treatment. This course will improve students' abilities of autonomous learning, communication, organization, coordination and cooperation.
Overview
Syllabus
- The general introduction of physiology
- The First Week: Introduction for Physiology and Transmembrane Transportation
- 1.1. Introduction of Physiology
- 1.1.1 Concept of Physiology
- 1.1.2 Internal Environment and Homeostasis
- 1.1.3 Regulation
- 1.1.4 Control System of the Human Body
- 1.2 Transport of Substances Across Cell Membranes
- 1.2.1 Structure of the cell membrane
- 1.2.2 Diffusion through the lipid bilayer
- 1.2.3 Diffusion through protein channels
- 1.2.4 Facilitated diffusion
- 1.2.5 Primary active transport
- 1.2.6 Secondary active transport
- 1.2.7 Transport in vesicles
- The Second Week: The Bioelectrical Physiology on Plasma Membrane
- 2.1 Resting membrane potential
- 2.1.1 Concept and properties of resting membrane potential
- 2.1.2 The equilibrium potential
- 2.1.3 Origin of the RMP of nerves
- 2.2 Action potential
- 2.2.1 Concept and properties of the action potential
- 2.2.2 Voltage gated channels and the action potential
- 2.2.3 Membrane conductance and the action potential
- 2.3 Local potential and propagation of the action potential
- 2.3.1 Refractory period, local potential
- 2.3.2 Propagation of the action potential
- The Third Week: Muscle contraction and Blood
- 3.1 Muscle Contraction Mechanism and the Influencing Factors
- 3.1.1 Excitatory Transmission of Neuromuscular Junction
- 3.1.2 Filament Sliding Theory
- 3.1.3 Excitation Contraction Coupling
- 3.1.4 Factors Influencing the Mechanical Performance of Muscle Contraction
- 3.2 Blood Physiology
- 3.2.1 The Composition and Properties of Blood
- 3.2.2 Platelet and Hemostasis
- 3.2.3 Blood Coagulation
- 3.2.4 The Negative Regulation of Blood Coagulation
- 3.2.5 Fibrinolysis
- 3.2.6 Blood Type and Transfusion
- The Fourth Week: Cardiac Physiology
- 4.1 Bioelectrical Activity of the Heart
- 4.1.1-2 Structure of the heart and Bioelectrical Activity of Single Cardiac Myocytes
- 4.1.3-4 Electrophysiological activity of Pacemaker Cell and ECG and Electrical Control of the heart
- 4.2.1-1 Process & Mechanism of Cardiac Pumping
- 4.2.1-2 Process & Mechanism of Cardiac Pumping
- 4.2.2-3 Evaluation of the Heart Pump Function and Factors to Affect Cardiac Pumping Function
- The Fifth Week: Vascular Physiology and Cardiovascular Control
- 5.1 Vascular Physiology
- 5.1.1 Functional Part of Blood Vessel
- 5.1.2 Hemodynamics
- 5.1.3-5 Arterial Blood Pressure and Venous Pressure and Venous Return and Formation of Interstitial Fluid
- 5.2.1-2 Nervous Regulation and Humoral Regulation
- The Sixth Week: Respiratory System
- 6.1 Respiratory ventilation
- 6.1.1 Respiratory ventilation
- 6.1.2 Respiratory movement
- 6.1.3 Pleural pressure
- 6.1.4 Elastic forces of the lung
- 6.1.5 Surface tention
- 6.1.6 Nonelastic resistance
- 6.1.7 Alveolar ventilation and dead space
- 6.2 Gas exchange and transport
- 6.2.1 Gas exchange
- 6.2.2 O2 transport
- 6.3 Regulation of Respiratory Movement
- 6.3.1 Chemoreceptor Reflex
- The Seventh Week: The digestive system,Energy metabolism and Thermoregulation
- 7.1Review of the digestive system
- 7.1.1 Characteristics of GI smooth muscle
- 7.1.2 Slow waves
- 7.1.3 Innervation of GI tract
- 7.2 Digestion in the stomach
- 7.2.1 Gastric secretion
- 7.2.2 Phases of gastric secretion
- 7.2.3 Regulation of gastric secretion
- 7.2.4 Gastric motiligy
- 7.3 Digestion in the small intestine
- 7.3.1Pancreatic secretion
- 7.3.2 Bile secretion
- 7.3.3 Digestion in small intestine
- 7.3.4 Absorption
- 7.4 energy metabolism and thermoregulation
- 7.4.1 Energy Metabolism
- 7.4.2 Factors affecting energy metabolism
- 7.4.3 Heat production and heat loss
- 7.4.4 Regulation of body temperature
- The Eighth Week: Renal physiology
- 8.1Renal function and filtration
- 8.1.1 Major Functions of the Kidneys
- 8.1.2 The juxtaglomerular apparatus
- 8.1.3 Filtration Membrane
- 8.1.4 Effective glomerular filtration pressure
- 8.1.5 Glomerular filtration and its affecting factors
- 8.2 Reabsorption and secretion of renal tubule
- 8.2.1 The reabsorption of Na+ in renal tubule
- 8.2.2 The reabsorption of water in renal tubule
- 8.2.3 Hydrogen Secretion in renal tubule
- 8.2.4 Reabsorption and secretion of K+ in renal tubule
- 8.2.5 Reabsorption of glucose
- 8.2.6 Reabsorption and excetion of urea in renal tubule
- The Ninth Week: Introduction of Nervous System
- 9.1 Physiology of Synapse
- 9.1.1 Introduction of Synapse
- 9.1.2 Release of Neurotransmitters
- 9.1.3 Postsynaptic Potentials
- 9.1.4 Plasticity of the Synapse
- 9.2 Neurotransmitters and Receptors
- 9.2.1 Neurotransmitter
- 9.2.2 Neurotransmitter Receptors
- 9.2.3 Transmembrane Signal Transmission of the receptors
- 9.2.4 Peripheral Cholinergic Neurotransmitter and Receptors
- 9.2.5 Peripheral Adrenergic Neurotransmitter and Receptors
- 9.3 Connection and Signal Transmission between the Neurons at CNS
- 9.3.1 Connections between the Neurons in CNS
- 9.3.2 Central Inhibition and Central Facilitation
- The Tenth Week: Sensory Function of the Nervous System
- 10.1 Sensory receptors and pain
- 10.1.1 Sensory receptors
- 10.1.2 pain
- 10.2 The visual system
- 10.2.1 Visual Sense Organ
- 10.2.2 Structure of Retina and Two Photoreceptor systems
- 10.2.3 Transduction of Light Energy by Rod Cell
- 10.3 The auditory system
- 10.3.1 Structure and function of the Ear
- 10.3.2 Sound transduction of inner ear
- 10.3.3 Bioelectric phenomenon in the cochlea
- The Eleventh Week: Control of the Motor Function by CNS
- 11.1 Function of the Spinal Cord
- 11.1.1 Introduction of the Motor Control by CNS
- 11.1.2 Motor Neuron in the Anterior Horn of the Spinal Cord
- 11.1.3 Regulation of the Posture Reflex by Spinal Cord
- 11.1.4 Muscle Spindle
- 11.1.5 Motor Neuron and Loop
- 11.2 Motor Control by the High Centers
- 11.2.1 Role of the Brain Stem on Muscle Tone
- 11.2.2 Function of the Cerebral Cortex
- 11.2.3. Function of the Basal Ganglion
- 11.2.4 Function of the Cerebellum
- The Twelfth Week: Regulation of the Visceral organs, Sleep, Learning and Memory
- 12.1 Regulation of the visceral organs
- 12.1.1. Autonomic Nervous System
- 12.1.2 CNS regulation of the visceral organs
- 12.2 Electrical Brain Waves and Sleep
- 12.2.1 Bioelectrical Activity of the Brain
- 12.2.2 Awake and Sleep
- 12.3 Learning and Memory
- 12.3.1 Learning and Memory
- 12.3.2 forgetting
- The Thirteenth Week: Endocrine System and Reproduction
- 13.1 Introduction to Endocrinology
- 13.1.1Endocrine and Endocrine System
- 13.1.2 Chemical Properties of Hormones
- 13.1.3 Cellular Mechanisms of Hormone Action
- 13.1.4 General Characters of Hormone Action
- 13.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary
- 13.2.1 Hypothalamic regulatory peptides
- 13.2.2 Adenohypophysis Hormones
- 13.2.3 Neurohypophysis Hormones
- 13.3 Endocrine glands
- 13.3.1 Synthesis and Secretion of Thyroid Hormones
- 13.3.2 Function and Secretion Regulation of Glucocorticoids
- 13.3.3 Regulation of Insulin Secretion
- 13.4 Physiology of Reproduction
- 13.4.1 Physiology of Male Reproduction
- 13.4.2 Physiology of Female Reproduction
- 13.4.3 Physiology of Pregnancy
Taught by
Chuanyong Liu, Wei Yao, Rong Wang, and Shuanglian Wang
