This course is designed in such a way that any biology student who has completed 10+2 is able to assimilate all modules included in this course. It starts with a proper introduction to genetics and genomics, then with the sessions dealing classical genetics and further to sessions of advanced genetics.This will enable the students to understand how the hereditary information in DNA controls what an organism looks like and how it works. The knowledge of genetics and genomics is also fundamental to an understanding of how organisms, populations and species evolve. The course will help the student to take up further some upcoming and much sort after post graduate courses based on the topics such as medical genetics, developmental and behavioural genetics, bioinformatics, environmental genetics, genomics etc.The course develops through the following topics: • Principle of Genetic Transmission • Extensions of Mendelism • Quantitative Genetics • The chromosomal basis of Mendelism • Chromosomal Variations & Linkage, Crossing over and chromosome mapping • Extranuclear Inheritance • Population Genetics and Evolution • Structure of Genetic Material • Replication of DNA &Molecular Mechanism of Recombination • Mutation • DNA Repair Mechanism • Transcription and RNA Processing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes • Genetic Code and Translation Once a student complete this course, he/she will be a thorough with the classical and advanced genetics and will be equipped to take up any advanced post graduate programmes based on genetics such as medical genetics, developmental and behavioural genetics, bioinformatics, environmental genetics, genomics etc.
Overview
Syllabus
WEEK - 1
History of Genetics, Scope and significance of geneticsMendels’ Experiments, Symbols and terminology, Principle of dominance and segregation,Principle of independent assortment, Mendelian inheritance and probabilityWEEK - 2Allelic variation and gene function- Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple allelesGene action-from genotype to phenotype.Gene interaction, penetrance, expressivityEpistasis, pleiotropy, interaction with environment.WEEK - 3Continuous variation, Quantitative traits - additive alleles, calculating the number of polygenes, significance of polygenic control.Heritability in broad sense and narrow sense ; Artificial selection.
WEEK - 4Chromosomes – chromosome number, sex chromosomeChromosome theory of inheritance - Experimental evidence, non-disjunction as proof of chromosome theory, chromosomal basis of Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment.Sex linked genes in humans - Haemophilia, colour blindness, fragile X.Dosage compensation of X- linked genes.Hyper activation of X-linked gene in male drosophila, Inactivation of X-linked gene in female.Sex chromosome and sex determination - Human, Drosophila, other animals.
WEEK - 5Morphology of chromosomes, Structural and Numerical VariationsLinkage, Recombination, Crossing over (Mitotic crossing over)Chromosome mapping (two point and three point test cross)Tetrad analysis.
WEEK - 6Maternal Inheritance, Mitochondrial- Snail, poky and petiteChloroplast – leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, Lojap.
WEEK - 7Population and gene pool - Allelic frequency, Hardy – Weinberg law - _ Changes in genetic structure of populationMutation, genetic drift (causes and effect), migration, natural selection.Non-random mating (heterosis)WEEK - 8Introduction – Nature of Genetic material- Discovery of DNA as genetic material(Griffith, Avery, Hershey Chase)Strucutre of nucleic acid (A, B and Z model), Super coiling and Topoisomerase,Types of RNA- Structural and functional.
WEEK - 9Salient features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.Homologous recombination, Site specific recombination.Models of recombination (Holiday model, Double strand break, etc.)
WEEK - 10
Types of mutation, Causes of mutation - Physical and chemical mutagensSpontaneous and Induced mutationsMolecular basis of mutations
WEEK - 11Excision Mechanism – Nucleotide, BasePost Replication Repair- mismatch repair, recombination repair, SOS repair.Central Dogma, Transcription in prokaryotes, eg: Lac, Tryp operon.
WEEK - 12Transcription in eukaryotes, RNA processing – nuclear splicingrRNA and tRNA processing
WEEK - 13Salient features of genetic codeTranslation in prokaryotesTranslation in eukaryotes, Post-translational modification
History of Genetics, Scope and significance of geneticsMendels’ Experiments, Symbols and terminology, Principle of dominance and segregation,Principle of independent assortment, Mendelian inheritance and probabilityWEEK - 2Allelic variation and gene function- Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple allelesGene action-from genotype to phenotype.Gene interaction, penetrance, expressivityEpistasis, pleiotropy, interaction with environment.WEEK - 3Continuous variation, Quantitative traits - additive alleles, calculating the number of polygenes, significance of polygenic control.Heritability in broad sense and narrow sense ; Artificial selection.
WEEK - 4Chromosomes – chromosome number, sex chromosomeChromosome theory of inheritance - Experimental evidence, non-disjunction as proof of chromosome theory, chromosomal basis of Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment.Sex linked genes in humans - Haemophilia, colour blindness, fragile X.Dosage compensation of X- linked genes.Hyper activation of X-linked gene in male drosophila, Inactivation of X-linked gene in female.Sex chromosome and sex determination - Human, Drosophila, other animals.
WEEK - 5Morphology of chromosomes, Structural and Numerical VariationsLinkage, Recombination, Crossing over (Mitotic crossing over)Chromosome mapping (two point and three point test cross)Tetrad analysis.
WEEK - 6Maternal Inheritance, Mitochondrial- Snail, poky and petiteChloroplast – leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, Lojap.
WEEK - 7Population and gene pool - Allelic frequency, Hardy – Weinberg law - _ Changes in genetic structure of populationMutation, genetic drift (causes and effect), migration, natural selection.Non-random mating (heterosis)WEEK - 8Introduction – Nature of Genetic material- Discovery of DNA as genetic material(Griffith, Avery, Hershey Chase)Strucutre of nucleic acid (A, B and Z model), Super coiling and Topoisomerase,Types of RNA- Structural and functional.
WEEK - 9Salient features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.Homologous recombination, Site specific recombination.Models of recombination (Holiday model, Double strand break, etc.)
WEEK - 10
Types of mutation, Causes of mutation - Physical and chemical mutagensSpontaneous and Induced mutationsMolecular basis of mutations
WEEK - 11Excision Mechanism – Nucleotide, BasePost Replication Repair- mismatch repair, recombination repair, SOS repair.Central Dogma, Transcription in prokaryotes, eg: Lac, Tryp operon.
WEEK - 12Transcription in eukaryotes, RNA processing – nuclear splicingrRNA and tRNA processing
WEEK - 13Salient features of genetic codeTranslation in prokaryotesTranslation in eukaryotes, Post-translational modification
Taught by
Dr. Jos T. Puthur
