This course examines the legal and sociological approaches to understanding the fundamental ideas that have shaped correctional theories and practices. This examination includes an in-depth study of adult sentencing, prisons, and jail subsystems, institutions by type and function, probation, parole, and community-based programs. In addition, there are comprehensive examinations of current correctional practices, punishment, rehabilitation, and community treatment programs with an emphasis on issues concerning race, ethnicity, and gender.