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Chirality and L/R symmetry breaking
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Active Forces and Flows that Pattern Organisms by Stephan Grill
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- 1 Stephan Grill
- 2 Active Forces and Flows that Pattern Organisms
- 3 'Morphogenesis' - generation of form
- 4 From the molecular to the mesoscale
- 5 Difficult problem.
- 6 Specific Questions:
- 7 A key molecule
- 8 Actin and myosin
- 9 Thin actomyosin cortical layer
- 10 The cortex is an active material
- 11 Behaviour at larger scales
- 12 The cell cortex in the C. elegant zygote
- 13 Actomyosin cortical flow
- 14 Flow polarizes the C. elegant zygote
- 15 Active surface drive cytosolic flows
- 16 Large length- and time scales Continuum description
- 17 Elastic on short times
- 18 Force balance between active and passive forces
- 19 Theory: Thin film of an active gel
- 20 Everything takes place within a thin film
- 21 Thin film active viscous fluid theory describes cortical flow in in zebrafish
- 22 Active tension gradients drives flow
- 23 Active tension gradients drives flow Flows drive zebrafish epiboly
- 24 Shear and compression in cortical flow aligns action filaments
- 25 Cortical flow aligns action filaments to form a cytokinesic ingression
- 26 The cortex generates torques of defined handedness.
- 27 Chiral rotating flow
- 28 Chirality and L/R symmetry breaking
- 29 In higher vertebrates,
- 30 The cell cortex has been implied to play a role in instances of left/right symmetry breaking
- 31 How does chiral flow come about?
- 32 Generic theory for active chiral fluids
- 33 Thin film active chiral fluid
- 34 The cortex actively generates torques of defined handedness
- 35 Is myosin activity responsible for active torque generation?
- 36 RNAi of mic-4
- 37 Modulating myosin activity
- 38 Modulating myosin activity affects chiral flow
- 39 Myosin activity is required for generating active torques.
- 40 Hypothesis: mic-4 RNAi reduces active tension and active torque proportionally
- 41 11 hours of mic-4 RNAi reduces active torque more than active tension
- 42 Weak perturbation RNAi
- 43 Chiral counterrotation velocity Vc
- 44 Weak perturbation mic-4 RNAi
- 45 Can we change the torque?
- 46 Weak perturbation RNAi of Rho signaling
- 47 A mild change in Rho signaling modulates active torques.
- 48 C. elegansahody axis establishment
- 49 Counterrotatory flows in ABa
- 50 Proposed mechanism:
- 51 Does the chiral skew of ABa and ABp change when we modify active torque generation?
- 52 Active torques execute left/right body axis establishment in C. elegans
- 53 Mesoscale 'active matter' properties
- 54 Mechanochemically pattern formation
- 55 Thin film active fluid with regulator
- 56 Pulsatory patterns in actomyosin systems are ubiquitous
- 57 Active pulsatory patterns daCA, I = -nozu + yu OLA = DAOZA - Ox VA
- 58 Pulsatory patterns with differential turnover Force balance: OxCA, I = -nozu + yu
- 59 Active matter and regulation
- 60 Entrainment tunes a mechanochemically unstable pattern to small spatial wavelengths
- 61 What about PAR polarization?
- 62 Peter Vijay Gross Krishamurthy
- 63 PAR proteins are transported by flow
- 64 Mechanochemically feedback drives PAR polarization
- 65 PAR polarization: Theory and Experiment
- 66 Spatiotemporal evolution of polarization, theory
- 67 Pattern Formation
- 68 Suggestion:
- 69 Fast turn-over up-regulator
- 70 Actomyosin regulation
