Supercool Composite Dark Matter Beyond 100 TeV

A physics lecture from Harvard CMSA's Workshop on Phase Transitions and Topological Defects in the Early Universe explores the fascinating dynamics of supercooled confinement transitions in strongly-coupled sectors and their implications for dark matter formation. Delve into how fundamental quanta, when captured by expanding bubbles of confined phase, generate enhanced composite states through string fragmentation due to their large separation relative to the confinement scale. Learn about the resulting highly boosted composite states in the plasma frame and their role in additional particle production through deep inelastic scattering. Examine the modeling of these complex dynamics and understand their profound effects on particle abundance, universe energetics, and bubble-wall Lorentz factors. Through a detailed case study, discover how these processes significantly impact composite dark matter relic density by multiple orders of magnitude. Progress through key concepts including supercooling classification, cosmological implications, dilution effects, and their broader significance in early universe physics.