Which Capacitors to Use - X5R, Y5V, NPO, X7R, or Something Else?

Explore an in-depth tutorial on capacitor selection for circuit design, covering various types including X5R, Y5V, NPO, and X7R. Learn about DC and AC bias, dielectric properties, ceramic capacitor classes, aging effects, temperature instability, and voltage characteristics. Discover the flexing and breaking issues of ceramic capacitors, compare Flexiterm to standard options, and understand inductance influences. Examine ceramic trends, stacked capacitors, and the differences between radial and stacked designs. Investigate non-ceramic alternatives like film, thin film, and super capacitors, as well as tantalum options. Gain insights on when low ESR is crucial and receive guidance on selecting the right capacitors for specific applications.