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Explore the intricate process of phototransduction in this comprehensive 43-minute lecture. Delve into the complex journey of visual stimuli as they reach the retina and are transmitted by photoreceptors, including cones and rods that respond to different types of light. Examine how these impulses are carried by ganglion cells, forming the axons of the optic nerve. Learn about the retina's structure, the function of various photoreceptors, protein activation, and the role of glutamate and amacrine cells in visual processing. Gain a deep understanding of the special senses, particularly focusing on the phototransduction cascade and its crucial role in our visual perception.