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Explore the challenges and advancements in paleoclimatology through this informative lecture presented by Julien Emile-Geay from the University of Southern California. Delve into the importance of studying past climates for validating current climate prediction models and understanding Earth's future. Learn about the unique obstacles faced when working with paleoclimate observations, including their sparsity, noise, irregular sampling, and time uncertainty. Discover the collaborative efforts to standardize, access, and analyze these valuable archives of Earth's past behavior. Gain insights into how this research is helping to constrain the dynamics of Earth's climate and improve climate models. The speaker, a climate dynamicist and paleoclimate data scientist, shares his expertise in creating mathematical representations of the climate system to illuminate its long-term behavior.