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Explore the fascinating phenomenon of anomalous thermal relaxation in this 44-minute conference talk by Marija Vucelja at the Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics. Delve into the Mpemba effect and its counterintuitive nature, where systems prepared at higher temperatures can equilibrate faster than those at lower temperatures. Examine theoretical results for over-damped Langevin dynamics, linking the occurrence of the Mpemba effect to physical properties such as potential shape and metastable state characteristics. Discover how this effect has been observed in various systems, including water, magnetic systems, clathrate hydrates, polymers, and colloidal particles. Gain insights into the unusual thermal relaxation phenomena that occur during rapid cooling or heating of physical systems to their environment.