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Explore the intricacies of pathogens and immune responses in this 37-minute immunology lecture. Delve into the life cycles of bacteria, understand the Gram-stain technique, and examine the life cycles of RNA and DNA viruses. Learn about the binding mechanisms between viral and bacterial components and toll-like receptors. Discover innate immune mechanisms for pathogen elimination, including reactive oxygen species like superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the complement system. The lecture covers topics such as bacteria, Gram stain, viruses (RNA and DNA), reactive oxygen species, complement, and vasodilation, providing a comprehensive overview of pathogen-immune system interactions.