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Explore the intricacies of earthquake cycles and fault behavior in this Francis Birch Lecture, part of the AGU Bowie Lecture series. Delve into the complex world of seismogenic zones from a field geology perspective, examining why simplified frictional or viscous models fall short in fully explaining observed slip behaviors along faults. Discover how ancient fault rocks exposed at the Earth's surface provide invaluable insights into transient conditions and persistent changes that control earthquake behavior. Learn about coseismic temperature spikes, metasomatic aureoles, mineral orientation patterns, and anastomosing slip surface networks. Gain an understanding of the untapped potential of Earth's geological records in unraveling the mysteries of the seismic cycle. Examine cutting-edge observations from various faults and explore promising directions for future interdisciplinary research in earthquake science.