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Explore the dynamics of the Hawaiian mantle plume in this Rothschild Lecture by Dr. Neil Ribe. Delve into fluid mechanical models that link the plume's physical properties to observable surface signatures. Examine the use of 3-D and lubrication theory models to calculate and analyze surface observables. Discover how scaling laws can be inverted to determine plume properties compatible with observed swell height, width, and melting rates. Investigate recent findings on geoid anomalies and their implications for lithospheric thinning. Learn about an extended lubrication model with non-Newtonian rheology that better predicts swell shape compared to Newtonian models.