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Explore the fundamental concepts of data in this 28-minute video lecture. Delve into the distinctions between unstructured and structured data, and learn about various data formats including CSV, YAML, JSON, SQL, and XML. Discover the importance of schema in data organization and understand the differences between little and big endian systems. Examine encoding methods such as ASCII, binary, hexadecimal, and Base-64, and gain insights into data compression techniques. Investigate magic numbers and their significance in file identification. Analyze specific file formats like Gzip, PNG, GIF, PKZip, and Office XML to understand their structures and applications in data management and cybersecurity.