在现代逻辑学研究的众多领域中,模态逻辑因其对表达力和复杂性的较好平衡,而在从人文学科到软件设计的众多领域中都得到了深入的应用。在本课程中,模态逻辑的理念和方法将随着其在对时间、知识、必然性、以及社会行为建模的应用被介绍。这样,学生将被带入类似实际研究的环境中,体会到理论和实践中不同理念和需求的互动。本课程将引导学生熟悉经典教材、手册、以及重要文章,并让学生具备在有进一步兴趣时自行探索学习更深内容的能力。尽管本课程预设学生已具备一定逻辑学基础知识,但也会为不具备该条件的学生留出余地。
注:本课程由Jeremy Seligman教授全英文授课;作业题也均是英文。但是学员在讨论区可以自由使用中文或英文提问或讨论。
The course is organized around modal logics about three topics: time, belief, and social epistemic actions. Usually at the beginning of a cluster, several puzzles concerning the topic will be introduced, which the logic systems introduced later would attempt to solve. Then the semantics and proof system of increasingly powerful modal logics concerning that topic will be introduced. In addition, a more technical introduction of modal logic in general is placed after the cluster of belief, which is named "boxes". A detailed structure of the course is provided below.
Topic 1: Time
Time 1-2: puzzles & detailed introduction of the semantics of basic tense logic
Time 3: detailed introduction of the proof system of basic tense logic & brief introduction to bisimulation, indefinability, and hybrid tense logic
Time 4: brief introduction to linear time logic, branching time logic, and dynamic logic
Topic 2: Belief
Belief 1: puzzles & introduction to semantics and proof system of must-might logic & introduction to semantics and proof system after adding hard update
Belief 2: introduction to semantics and proof system of static epistemic probabilistic logic with updates and conditional belief
Belief 3: introduction to logic of maximal credence with conditional belief & brief introduction to different strategies for belief revision, upgrade, and knowledge
Intermezzo: Boxes
Box 1: introduction to canonical model and truth tree of propositional logic, semantics and proof system for box operator, neighborhood semantics, and normal modal logic
Box 2: introduction to features of Kripke Semantics, different concepts related to frames, the diamond operator, and some meta-properties of modal logic & review of predicate logic
Topic 3: Society
Society 1: puzzles & introduction to semantics of multi-agent epistemic logic and public announcement logic
Society 2: introduction to common knowledge, Kleene Star, axiomatization of epistemic logic with public announcement and Kleene Star, and ways of modelling epistemic actions
Society 3: introduction to event model and product update & introduction to dynamic epistemic logic
Society 4: introduction to semantics and applications of belief revision operators and multi-pointed event models & introduction to dynamic substitution logic & summarization of how to devise a modal logic for specific scenarios