Examination and comparative study of Native Peoples of North America from initial peopling of the New World to today, through both an anthropological and ethnic studies lens to better understand the interconnectedness of culture and the intersection and impact of race, ethnicity, and other forms of differences upon communities of color and how these communities’ response to discrimination is relevant today. Topics include: culture areas of North America, cultural case studies covering practices and knowledge such as indigenous viewpoints, values, and norms; impacts of Spanish, French, English and Russian colonization on Native American Cultures, events impacting rights and sovereignty in the U.S., Canada, and northern Mexico; establishing sovereignty and federal recognition; Impacts of racism on Native American groups and resistance movements; Native cultures and identity. Native North American cultures are viewed in terms of pre-contact and post-contact lifeways, cultural interactions, and cultural adaptations to environmental changes through time. Post-colonial discussion includes citizenship and federally owned lands, intersectional approach to race and gender identities, spirituality, language preservation, and social activism among Native populations today. Note: Not open to students that have successfully completed ETHN B5.